Facebook-f Twitter Youtube
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[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

March 1993: Group photo of Executive Outcomes\u2019 mercenaries involved in Angolan guerrilla warfare to liberate multinational oil wells<\/sub><\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

March 1993: Group photo of Executive Outcomes\u2019 mercenaries involved in Angolan guerrilla warfare to liberate multinational oil wells<\/sub><\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
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Executive Outcomes: Stormtroopers for multinational corporations <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

March 1993: Group photo of Executive Outcomes\u2019 mercenaries involved in Angolan guerrilla warfare to liberate multinational oil wells<\/sub><\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 8 of 8 1 … 7 8
\n

In the industry's endless horror row, G4S has made a name for itself for thousands of illegal[6]<\/a> eavesdropping devices; for handing over a passport, salary and weapon to former jihadist Omar Mateen, who committed a massacre (49 dead and 53 injured) at a gay bar in Orlando, Florida[7]<\/a>, in June 2016; for organizing, arming and military defending a riot in Birmingham Prison with the aim of allowing a seemingly special[8]<\/a> escape for a single prisoner. A grim picture of impunity and inability, especially on the part of US governments, to defeat a monster they created after World War II, thus engaging many Nazis who still felt lust on murder[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes: Stormtroopers for multinational corporations <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

March 1993: Group photo of Executive Outcomes\u2019 mercenaries involved in Angolan guerrilla warfare to liberate multinational oil wells<\/sub><\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The most impressive of these companies is called G4S Global and is based in London[1]<\/sup><\/a>. The owners, unknown to the public, are hidden by the holding company G4S Secure Solutions Inc. in Wilmington (Delaware, USA[2]<\/a>), which is represented in 125 countries with 625,000 among political advisers, spies, soldiers, technicians and officers[3]<\/a>. Obviously the mercenary of such an enterprise has a bad reputation: among other things, because he lets illegal immigrants arrested by the American police[4]<\/a> work as slaves and because his cadets, in the areas around the training bases, are raping women, practicing pedophilia and are often guilty of acts of violence[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the industry's endless horror row, G4S has made a name for itself for thousands of illegal[6]<\/a> eavesdropping devices; for handing over a passport, salary and weapon to former jihadist Omar Mateen, who committed a massacre (49 dead and 53 injured) at a gay bar in Orlando, Florida[7]<\/a>, in June 2016; for organizing, arming and military defending a riot in Birmingham Prison with the aim of allowing a seemingly special[8]<\/a> escape for a single prisoner. A grim picture of impunity and inability, especially on the part of US governments, to defeat a monster they created after World War II, thus engaging many Nazis who still felt lust on murder[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes: Stormtroopers for multinational corporations <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

March 1993: Group photo of Executive Outcomes\u2019 mercenaries involved in Angolan guerrilla warfare to liberate multinational oil wells<\/sub><\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

There\u2019s more than two million people. The biggest army the world has ever seen. They do not defend their homeland, but are committed soldiers, most of whom serve in Africa south of the equator, the Middle East or as special troops on the pay of a dictator. These are not illegal immigrants, but employees of duly registered companies who pay taxes and the pension fund - for those reaching old age. They are hardened by decades of massacres, they know neither pity nor compromise. They are the image of savagery and feed on blood, money and fear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most impressive of these companies is called G4S Global and is based in London[1]<\/sup><\/a>. The owners, unknown to the public, are hidden by the holding company G4S Secure Solutions Inc. in Wilmington (Delaware, USA[2]<\/a>), which is represented in 125 countries with 625,000 among political advisers, spies, soldiers, technicians and officers[3]<\/a>. Obviously the mercenary of such an enterprise has a bad reputation: among other things, because he lets illegal immigrants arrested by the American police[4]<\/a> work as slaves and because his cadets, in the areas around the training bases, are raping women, practicing pedophilia and are often guilty of acts of violence[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the industry's endless horror row, G4S has made a name for itself for thousands of illegal[6]<\/a> eavesdropping devices; for handing over a passport, salary and weapon to former jihadist Omar Mateen, who committed a massacre (49 dead and 53 injured) at a gay bar in Orlando, Florida[7]<\/a>, in June 2016; for organizing, arming and military defending a riot in Birmingham Prison with the aim of allowing a seemingly special[8]<\/a> escape for a single prisoner. A grim picture of impunity and inability, especially on the part of US governments, to defeat a monster they created after World War II, thus engaging many Nazis who still felt lust on murder[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes: Stormtroopers for multinational corporations <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

March 1993: Group photo of Executive Outcomes\u2019 mercenaries involved in Angolan guerrilla warfare to liberate multinational oil wells<\/sub><\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s more than two million people. The biggest army the world has ever seen. They do not defend their homeland, but are committed soldiers, most of whom serve in Africa south of the equator, the Middle East or as special troops on the pay of a dictator. These are not illegal immigrants, but employees of duly registered companies who pay taxes and the pension fund - for those reaching old age. They are hardened by decades of massacres, they know neither pity nor compromise. They are the image of savagery and feed on blood, money and fear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most impressive of these companies is called G4S Global and is based in London[1]<\/sup><\/a>. The owners, unknown to the public, are hidden by the holding company G4S Secure Solutions Inc. in Wilmington (Delaware, USA[2]<\/a>), which is represented in 125 countries with 625,000 among political advisers, spies, soldiers, technicians and officers[3]<\/a>. Obviously the mercenary of such an enterprise has a bad reputation: among other things, because he lets illegal immigrants arrested by the American police[4]<\/a> work as slaves and because his cadets, in the areas around the training bases, are raping women, practicing pedophilia and are often guilty of acts of violence[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the industry's endless horror row, G4S has made a name for itself for thousands of illegal[6]<\/a> eavesdropping devices; for handing over a passport, salary and weapon to former jihadist Omar Mateen, who committed a massacre (49 dead and 53 injured) at a gay bar in Orlando, Florida[7]<\/a>, in June 2016; for organizing, arming and military defending a riot in Birmingham Prison with the aim of allowing a seemingly special[8]<\/a> escape for a single prisoner. A grim picture of impunity and inability, especially on the part of US governments, to defeat a monster they created after World War II, thus engaging many Nazis who still felt lust on murder[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes: Stormtroopers for multinational corporations <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

March 1993: Group photo of Executive Outcomes\u2019 mercenaries involved in Angolan guerrilla warfare to liberate multinational oil wells<\/sub><\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gradually, over the years, the troops that were originally controlled and led by individual states such as the Foreign Legion[11]<\/a> are being privatized. Because national States were bound by international peace treaties and during the Cold War years, there is a fine balance that must not be compromised by national army deployments. Because national parliaments ask too many detailed questions about the activities of these troops and, over the years, technological escalation has skyrocketed costs. Because national armies cannot be deployed to defend certain interests without causing an international diplomatic incident and therefore cannot guarantee that they have an effective special unit that never takes into account the humane treatment of civilians in the areas operational[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Executive Outcomes SA Hatfield (South Africa)[13]<\/a>, the first big name in the privatized war, was not created by former soldiers, but at the initiative of oil groups operating in Africa, coordinated by the founder of the multinational Heritage Oil of Canada[14]<\/a>. Logically, his employees are all longtime assassins with many years of experience in massacres and torture: General Manager Luther Eeben Barlow is a former Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel of the Apartheid Army who has as a background for decades of torture and repression of opponents of the regime - as well as participating in pilot uprisings in Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone and Namibia[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barlow takes his longtime friends with him: his staff, consisting of Captain Michael Mullen and Captain Simon Mann, Major Lafras Luitingh (South African intelligence recruiting officer)[16]<\/a>, Captain Niclaas \"Nick\" Van den Bergh (parachute officer), Michael Grunberg (accountant and fiduciary trustee). Everything is paid for by Anthony Leslie Rowland \"Tony\" Buckingham, a former British Special Boat Squadron[17]<\/a> officer and oil entrepreneur for several years at Sabre Petroleum[18]<\/a> - a company founded by Naushad and Nurdin Jivraj, who at the time still ran a company, UAE Investment Fze Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>, which was liquidated in 2011 after a series of unsuccessful international arbitrations[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the start, Executive Outcomes has not only dealt with the settlement of high-ranking officers, spies and dying apartheid arms dealers[21]<\/a>, not with governments either, but with the leadership of companies active in the mining sector. and oil in sub-Saharan Africa - companies with big security problems because they operate in war zones and cannot be defended by the local army because this army is poorly endowed and cannot control the territory[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first major order came in 1993 from Canadian Ranger Oil Ltd. Calgary (now acquired by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Calgary[23]<\/a>), which is licensed by the Angolan government (25% of Blocks 16 and 19), pays costly bribes and is personally protected by President George Bush, who during the civil war blackmailed the MPLA of President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos and thus obtained oil production contracts[24]<\/a>. Executive Outcomes is part of the same agreement and coordinates the forces of the MPLA[25]<\/a> so that Ranger Oil, along with Heritage Oil, with which it shares its licenses, appoints Executive Outcomes to defend their assets[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No wonder: Heritage Oil is the oil company founded by Tony Buckingham, former partner of Executive Outcomes[27]<\/a>, and it is again Buckingham that allows Executive Outcomes to make the leap in quality and get another contract from the Angolan government received (paid by the state oil company Sonangol, partly directly to Heritage Oil[28]<\/a>) and immediately after a contract from the government of Sierra Leone, led by the very young President Valentine Strasser, who did not have a regular army for defend the country against the RUF (Revolutionary United Front)[29]<\/a> - the mercenary army, led by Liberian President Charles Taylor, partly CIA-funded, whose sole mission was to slaughter entire villages near diamond mines and to plunder the natural resources of all West Africa[30]<\/a>. The contract is personally signed by Tony Buckingham and states that he will pay the costs of his mercenaries in exchange for a written promise to obtain a license to operate the diamond mines after the end of the war[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tony Buckingham, oil trader and pillager <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anthony Leslie Rowland \u201cTony\u201d Buckingham[32]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even his date of birth is unknown. As he became a multimillionaire in the late 1990s and the press wanted to photograph him on his luxury yacht, English journalists received an official date from him, November 28, 1951, which later turned out to be false[33]<\/a>. British journalists find out that he started working as a diver in the North Sea as a young boy and making money repairing oil rigs. He was then hired by Ranger Oil and Premium Oil, so Tony began studying as an oil trader and security service provider[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, as he worked with Executive Outcomes, he already owned Sabre Petroleum and then Branch Energy Ltd. Nassau[35]<\/a>, to which he brings his work and contacts. However, the money belongs to DiamondWorks Ltd. Vancouver (now Energem Resources[36]<\/a>), a company whose shareholders include Simon Mann of Executive Outcomes[37]<\/a>: The contracts of these two Canadian companies are suspected of having been acquired illegally (in Sierra Leone, Angola, Lesotho and Venezuela) , so that in 2000 the founders will decide to sell the company[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, Buckingham founded his first security company, Sandline International Ltd. London, together with Simon Mann and British Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a Falklands War veteran who then got into trouble because of two of his soldiers: while on patrol in Belfast, they had killed an unarmed passer-by and were sentenced to life imprisonment as a result[39]<\/a>. Spicer will be able to let them be pardoned and take them to Iraq[40]<\/a> as a mercenaries to work for his new company, Aegis Defense Services, which is still one of the top-rated military intelligence and service companies in the world[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandline is in trouble soon: the mercenaries of Spicer and Buckingham, signed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Julius Chan, suffocate the independence movement on the island of Bougainville[42]<\/a> with blood, which will lead the international community and even the Papuan army to dethrone Chan and stop Spicer[43]<\/a>. The international scandal is huge and even affects British Prime Minister Tony Blair, accused of knowing and keeping silent on the nature of the contract[44]<\/a>. At the same time, Sandline is accused of violating the embargo on arms deliveries to warlords who fought against each other during the civil war in Sierra Leone[45]<\/a> and later in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First the NGOs, then the United Nations, and finally the justice system of various African countries who want to scan through the dark web of human trafficking now orchestrated by Executive Outcomes, now Sandline International, now DiamondWorks, and find out over and over again that this galaxy actually functions as a single industrial and commercial group. The strategy is clear: to sell weapons and military services to potential future dictators in exchange for mining and oil licenses - an offer that black African warlords, who lack sufficient financial support, cannot do without[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the attention of international observers turns to these companies, the group decides to change its face. In 1993 Antonio Carlos Guedes \"Tony\" Teixeira, a Portuguese mercenary with a career in apartheid information payment, founded Sir Trading (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview[48]<\/a> (the district of the rich whites on the border of the parish of Johannesburg). It is a holding of more than twenty companies active in the arms trade, diamond trade, food trade, logistics, automobile trade, real estate and civil aviation[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

January 26, 2004: Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum, Brian Menell and Antonio Teixeira sign the contracts between the Lola racing team and the A1 Grand Prix Fze Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong>[50]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2002, Sir Trading acquired 12.1% of DiamondWorks and 80.1% of Otterbea International (Pty) Ltd. Bedfordview (which has been the frontline company of apartheid mercenaries since 1964) bringing together all of those who worked under one roof as partners in South African intelligence in the 1980s, resulting in premiere view the impression that DiamondWorks and its affiliates are changing the owners and the business strategy[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the opposite is true. A few weeks later, Teixeira, through his offshore company Lyndhurst Ltd. Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)[52]<\/a>, acquires the absolute majority of DiamondWorks and immediately gets into trouble: UN troops catch him in a crime while he and the famous Russian arms dealer Victor Bout[53]<\/a> deliver weapons to the rebels of UNITA and therefore the fourth phase of the Angolan civil war[54]<\/a>. One of his managers is kidnapped and then killed by UNITA militiamen because they understand that DiamondWorks is playing a double game and also works for the MPLA[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mice rush off the ship: Executive Outcomes moves to STTEP International Ltd. Gibraltar[56]<\/a> (STTEP stands for Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment & Protection International), which begins with a lucrative contract with the Nigerian government to combat the jihadist militias of Boko Haram[57]<\/a>. Antonio Teixeira continues to work with DiamondWorks and moves his main activity to the United Arab Emirates[58]<\/a>. Tony Buckingham moves Heritage Oil's core business to Uganda[59]<\/a> and opens a new mercenary recruiting and security company, Saracen International Ltd. Kampala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International, Abu Dhabi and the piracy trade <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The division into five administrative zones of the former Somalia: Somaliland (orange), Puntland (light blue), Galmudug (light green), Federal Government Transition Zone (blue) and Islamic Council (dark green)<\/sub><\/strong>[60]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2008 and 2013, every ship that crossed the Gulf of Aden - a stretch of sea necessary to cross the Suez Canal and thus navigate between Europe and Asia - risked an attack by Somali pirates[61]<\/a>. These fishermen for the most part who lost their reference markets after the implosion of Somalia, or former soldiers of one of the armies on the ground during the Somali civil war, choose this path to survive and, having obtained a surprisingly successful[62]<\/a>, efficiently organized, well-armed forces affiliated with political groups (such as al-Qaeda[63]<\/a>) that could help other hackers convert ransom money for their actions into cash[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the CIA and many other intelligence organizations operating in the Horn of Africa, fighting pirates is an unmissable opportunity to hire former American soldiers and the many mercenaries who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, and had traditionally been trained in Uganda, where they also ran irregular prisons to torture jihadists captured in the field - with the difference that now in this new scene any mercenary can fight in an unofficial war, and his income is in arms, oil and investment in natural resources begins - although the United States begins has always denied having knowledge of this development[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International was signed as personal guardian of former President Abdulkareem Jama in March 2010, and on November 18 of this year the contract was changed: Saracen's contractor becomes the government of Puntland through money borrowed from the United Arab Emirates[66]<\/a>. As the crisis emerged, debts were reduced with the granting of licenses to ENOC Emirates National Oil Company Fze Dubai to exploit oil and gas fields discovered in Puntland[67]<\/a> and could not be drilled, in 2010, because they were under the orders of the main Muslim rebel, Mohamed Said Atom, an ally of the pirates and the jihadists of Al-Shabab[68]<\/a>, who was in police custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newborn Saracen International is also presented for the training of the armies of the various territorial administrations resulting from the implosion of Somalia and, thanks to the mediation of the authorities of the United Arab Emirates, receives a contract for the training of a force of 1,050 men specializing in the fight against pirates, which is part of the army of Puntland - one of the territorial divisions of the country which has been part of the political and military sphere of influence of Riyadh and Abu Dhabi and of China's commercial investment sphere for more than twenty years[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Saracen International militiamen engaged in defense of United Arab Emirates oil interests in Puntland<\/sub><\/strong>[70]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An influence that has become fatal today as Somalia's new federal government, founded less than a decade ago[71]<\/a> and ultimately bringing together all the territories, has decided to remain neutral in all international disputes, which arouses the anger of the Emirates as they attempt to Mogadishu force them to oppose Qatar[72]<\/a> and even intervene militarily to influence the democratic vote of the Somali people[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back in 2009: The task of training these 1050 men is entrusted to two partners of Saracen International, Michael Shanklin and Pierre Richard Prosper[74]<\/a>. Shanklin is the former deputy director of the CIA station in Mogadishu who, after retiring in 2011, joined Buckingham and the others in the Saracen constitution and is tasked with preparing Puntland troops for intelligence missions[75]<\/a>, in particular through the intermediary of certain Russian officers, who had been unemployed after leaving the army of the Soviet Union[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosper is the son of two Haitian political refugees who trained in New York[77]<\/a>, served as military advisers to President George W. Bush[78]<\/a>, and were subsequently appointed prosecutors at Rwanda's International Court of Justice[79]<\/a>. There he was chosen by the Kigali government as legal adviser on international political issues[80]<\/a>. On behalf of the Abu Dhabi government, Prosper acted as a mediator for the release of many Muslims illegally imprisoned in Guant\u00e1namo[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later, he caused Saracen International[82]<\/a> to fail: in addition to arming Puntland's 1,050 mercenaries[83]<\/a>, he also made sure to arm the pirates in accordance with Erik Prince's infamous Blackwater[84]<\/a>. United Nations observers revealed that the crews of two Saracen Group ships (Eaton and Seafarer) made regular stops in Djibouti to load weapons that were sold by the local government[85]<\/a> and for Somali pirates and other rebel military groups in the region. Horn of Africa - an operation the purpose of which was to use UAE money to create the most powerful army in the entire region - an army that could control not only Somalia but the surrounding nations as well [86]<\/a>. After the discovery, Abu Dhabi and its allies had to stop the formation of the Puntland[87]<\/a> army. From that point on, pressure from the Gulf States was mediated by Kenya, which frequently sent troops to Somalia to influence the future political and tribal balance of the newly formed Federal Republic[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amazing biographies of Puntland mercenaries <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saracen international mercenary troops prepare for shootout with Somali pirates<\/sub><\/strong>[89]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The quality of Saracen International's mercenaries is truly amazing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Englishman Craig Andrew Shaw is a retired British naval sergeant who first worked for Triskel (a side company run by Massimo Cauci and Gilles Capelle), then after being caught red-handed supplying arms to the rebel armies[90]<\/a>, did the same for Saracen International[91]<\/a>. Until 2019, when the company was liquidated[92]<\/a>, Shaw was a director and majority shareholder of Saracen International Ltd. Stockport[93]<\/a>. Around this company, Shaw has created others with similar activities: a) XTP International Ltd. Stockport[94]<\/a>; b) Securex UK Ltd. Manchester (founded in October 2001 and liquidated in April 2016[95]<\/a>; c) Sax Media Ltd. Stockport, founded in January 2013 and liquidated in April 2016[96]<\/a>; d) Autonomous Vehicles International Ltd. Stockport[97]<\/a>, founded in July 2006 and still active[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf His assistant, Ms. Gail Lesley Clough, Shaw's colleague in UK business administration[99]<\/a>, trained at Kestrel Aerospace Ltd. Stoke on Trent (Kestrel Group - Australia[100]<\/a>), where she worked on a development project for a single-seater vertical take-off aircraft[101]<\/a>, is now the head of another Shaw company, Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Willem Hendrik \"Bill\" Pelser[103]<\/a> is the head of Saracen Uganda Ltd. since August 1995 after years of fighting in Angola[104]<\/a>. Kampala and Saracen International SAL Beirut[105]<\/a>, to which the United Arab Emirates contributes $ 50 million per year[106]<\/a>. As a former South African special officer, he still heads BRZ International Ltd. Nevis (with main office in Pretoria[107]<\/a>); for BRZ Uganda Ltd. Kampala fought Pelser in Congo[108]<\/a> (before Uganda Saracen took control of the contract[109]<\/a>), Kenya, Tanzania[110]<\/a> and Sudan[111]<\/a>; ICV International Collective Ventures Africa SA[112]<\/a> (with offices in Lubumbashi, Kampala, Lusaka and Johannesburg[113]<\/a>) controls dozens of companies around the world[114]<\/a> that were previously part of the Saracen group[115]<\/a>, including E-Talk Ltd. Pretoria[116]<\/a> and Top SIG SA Lubumbashi[117]<\/a>. This group of companies, of which the UAE government[118]<\/a> is its main client, is still active and the courts in half of Africa are now fighting over who is the real owner[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Alexander \"Mahuta\" Akandwanaho[120]<\/a> is the one who made the millionaire deals with PAM, Total E&P, NSSF, Stanbic Bank and DFCU Bank, and is the founder of Assured Partners Insurance Brokers Ltd. Kampala[121]<\/a>. He is the son of General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, brother and now military adviser to President Yoweri Museveni[122]<\/a> after trading in arms during the Second Congo War[123]<\/a>. In 1998 he was involved in the purchase of scrap metal which was returned as a military helicopter (1998) for which he received commissions[124]<\/a> of $ 800,000. But he was also Craig Shaw's partner in the aforementioned arms delivery to the Somali rebels[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf One of the best Saracen snipers, former South African Army NCO Lodewyk Pietersen, brings weapons for pirates and irregular armies fighting in Somali territory via Uganda, the South Africa and the United Arab Emirates and society - its delegate in Somalia was the French [126]<\/a>mercenary Richard Rouget[127]<\/a>. Pietersen was killed in a shootout in South Africa in April 2012 shortly after his mission in Somalia ended[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From left: Bill Palser, General Caleb \"Salim Saleh\" Akandwanaho, Pierre Richard Prosper and Massimo Cauci<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Lafras Luitingh, the military coordinator of Saracen International[129]<\/a>, is a former officer in the Civil Cooperation Bureau[130]<\/a> who established contacts between Erik Prince and the mercenaries of the Saracen group and the royal family of the United Arab Emirates[131]<\/a>. With the money he earned from the wars in Africa, Luitingh has now grown into a multi-million dollar logistics company in Australia[132]<\/a>. An Australian citizen, he is still being sued by the American justice system which seeks to bring him to justice for his activities in Africa over the past 30 years[133]<\/a>, in particular the misdeeds accused of his first company, Executive Outcomes[134]<\/a>. More recently, Luitingh has been blamed for engaging the savage armed guards of the Canadian mining company Barrick Gold in the massacre of the indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Massimo Cauci is an Italian with a long history in the French Foreign Legion, many of whom guarded the Mururoa nuclear power plant in Tahiti, before fighting in Chad, Sudan, Djibouti and finally as a coach during the coup which brought Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila Mobutu dethroned[136]<\/a>. After this bloody war, Cauci resigned and worked as a bodyguard for the European Union ambassadors in Burundi[137]<\/a>, moved to Brighton and worked as a guard in transporting tanks for Italian and Arab jewelers, then for the oligarchs[138]<\/a>. Russian. In November 2008, he founded Triskel Services Ltd. London[139]<\/a> and its holding[140]<\/a> company Triskel International Ltd. London[141]<\/a>, which has hired many mercenaries from Executive Outcomes and the Blackwater Group[142]<\/a>. From 2013, Triskel will also open a branch in Rome and a new company in London[143]<\/a> and start hiring the riflemen of the special unit of the San Marco Brigade - one of NATO's[144]<\/a> elite troops - receiving a licensed from Confindustria and replacing Saracen International in Somalia and on ships crossing the Gulf of Aden[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Gilles Capelle is the head of the Djibouti office of the Triskel group and a former paratrooper for the French Navy and then for the secret services (DGSE)[146]<\/a>. At the same time, he leads an intensive animal defense activity in the Rwandan section of the WCS Wildlife Conservation Society[147]<\/a> and works with another global security company, Sovereign Global Solutions[148]<\/a>, in the area of \u200b\u200bpirate defense[149]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf While Saracen International trainers are busy in Puntland, another militiaman, Lebanon Mohammed \"Ottavio\" Ahmed, owner of Southern Ace Ltd. Hong Kong[150]<\/a>, with his partner Paul Calder Le Roux, to seize power in the Galmudug region and organize another army of 220 mercenaries, paid in the trade of opium, cocaine and dagga (a southern quality of marijuana -African[151]<\/a>). Le Roux, a former Zimbabwean soldier who emigrated to Australia and then fled for economic reasons (leaving his wife and children in Sydney), is also known by the pseudonyms Bernard John Bowlins and John Smith[152]<\/a>. Prior to working with Saracen International and Southern Ace, he was in the Philippines, North Korea, Mozambique and South Africa (with gold courier Doron Zvi Shulman), Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali (with a another Saracen man, former US Marine Joe Hunter), and upon his arrival in Somalia, he will take with him his most loyal collaborator, former Belgian army officer Erwin Bockstaele, and a Bulgarian militiaman, Ivan Vaclavic (also known as Maros Deak)[153]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the mask finally fell <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colombian mercenaries, former militiamen of the drug cartels, were hired by security companies who moved to the United Arab Emirates and were sent to Yemen to fight<\/sub><\/strong>[154]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The catastrophic end of the engagement in Somalia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa did not end the activities of the mercenaries who worked for Executive Outcomes, Blackwater, Saracen International or any of the other companies described until present for the past 30 years\u2019 fought. Saracen himself wound up his well-known companies and registered a new umbrella company, SCS Sterling Corporate Services Fze Dubai[155]<\/a>. With logistics managers from the old days all dead or in prison, the Emirates have also founded their own airline specializing in the transport of weapons and troops, Ska Air & Logistics Fze Dubai[156]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mask has fallen and now the government of Abu Dhabi no longer needs to hide: its mercenaries, hired by the thousands over the last decade, provide troops to the secret services which suppress the internal political opposition; for acts of war abroad (such as in Yemen); in support of friendly dictatorships (as in Egypt); to prepare the invading forces in case the Emirates and Saudi Arabia decide to turn the current Persian Gulf Cold War into an armed conflict[157]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an extremely delicate situation that humanity has not known since the days of medieval monarchies, when lucky soldiers decided the fate of European politics. In the absence of consolidated Nations, the most powerful armies were those of the Duchy, the Lordship and the Principality, capable of paying the best troops and arming them more effectively. As early as 1700, the establishment of popular military service had given the armies of countries with a larger population greater strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been sent back 500 years, but with highly technological and specialized armies. An extremely dangerous situation: when rich countries invest in the best, the most talented and the most athletic mercenaries, similar rules apply in wartime, but with far more harmful consequences. Of course, neither the Russians nor the Americans can now complain that they invented this game and funded it during the Cold War years. Today, they are the ones who sell the best products, and they gladly do so. But it is obvious to no one that in the recent past even the Germany of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union of Josip Stalin had not allowed such a concentration of power in the hands of one person as it is the case today in the country of Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.g4s.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies?jurisdiction_code=&q=g4s+secure+solutions&utf8=%E2%9C%93<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/40307\/5-of-the-world-s-most-elite-mercenary-armies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2014\/aug\/22\/immigrants-cheap-labour-detention-centres-g4s-serco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/state\/article168011957.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2015\/may\/20\/misconduct-youth-jail-rainsbrook-ofsted-g4s<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/oct\/21\/managers-g4s-medway-youth-jail-paid-bonuses-despite-failings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/may\/23\/g4s-police-control-room-staff-suspended-claims-bogus-999-calls-lincolnshire-force<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/15\/us\/orlando-shooting.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160614-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/dec\/19\/g4s-must-pay-for-cost-of-birmingham-prison-riot-says-liz-truss<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ibtimes.co.uk\/rioters-hmp-birmingham-will-face-full-force-law-1597011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Akbarali H. Thobhani, \u201cThe Mercenary Menace<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica Today<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 23\/3, Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana) 1976, pages 61-68, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4185619?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=01I5GdAhBDU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Erwan Bergot, \u201cLa L\u00e9gion au combat : de la Grande guerre \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>\u201d, Librairie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale fran\u00e7aise \/ Hachette Livre, Paris 1995 ; Anthony Clayton, \u201cFrontiersmen: Warfare In Africa since 1950\u201d, Routledge, London 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Anthony Mockler, \u201cThe New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldiers from the Congo to Seychelles<\/em>\u201d, Paragon House Publishers, New York 1987;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081224002931\/http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu2\/7\/b\/mercenaries\/documents.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/executive-outcomes--B1989038663<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> 1998.05.13 The Independent on Tony Buckingham; https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/nov\/13\/heritage-oil-chief-tony-buckingham<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; 1993.03.13 The Guardian on Eeben Barlow; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aloha.net\/~stroble\/mercs.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/1997-01-24-africas-new-look-dogs-of-war\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071229125418\/http:\/\/www.galago.co.za\/CAT1_025.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a> ; Gabriella Pagliani, \u201cIl mestiere della guerra: dai mercenari ai manager della sicurezza<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cSociet\u00e0 e politica<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 65, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano 2004, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-27708-7_11<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/mi6-backed-africa-coup-1176189.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02112749<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/will-tony-buckingham-be-the-next-tiny-rowland-1169349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/globalarbitrationreview.com\/the-chilling-effect-of-jivraj-0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/uk\/cases\/UKSC\/2011\/40.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030605104458\/http:\/\/www.policyreview.org\/jun03\/singer.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Guy Arnold, \u201cMercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World<\/em>\u201c, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999, page 117; Khareen Pech, \u201cExecutive Outcomes \u2013 a corporative Conquest<\/em> \u201c, in: Jakkie Cilliers, Peggy Mason, \u201cPeace, Profit or Plunder?: The Privatisation of Security in War-Torn African Societies<\/em>\u201c, ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 1999, pages 83\u2013109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ogj.com\/refining-processing\/gas-processing\/article\/17253143\/ranger-oil-ltd-agrees-to-canadian-natural-resources-offer<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/profile\/company\/RGO:US<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/companies\/ranger-oil-part-of-canadian-natural-resources\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rigzone.com\/news\/oil_gas\/a\/1284\/ranger_oil_uk_limted_to_be_renamed\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sedar.com\/DisplayProfile.do?lang=EN&issuerType=03&issuerNo=00002708<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2011\/433768\/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2011)433768_EN.pdf<\/a>, page 29 ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2004\/01\/12\/some-transparency-no-accountability\/use-oil-revenue-angola-and-its-impact-human#<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/etdeweb\/servlets\/purl\/20836232<\/a>, pages 93-97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Peter Warren Singer, \u201cCorporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry<\/em>\u201c, Cornell University Press, Ithaca\/London 2003, pages 107-109<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/the-boys-try-to-do-a-man-s-job-richard-dowden-in-freetown-reports-on-the-young-officers-who-hold-power-in-sierra-leone-1506336.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sierra-leone.org\/Archives\/slnews0196.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/monicamark\/what-do-you-do-with-your-life-after-youve-already-been-the-w<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Ibrahim Abdullah, \u201cBush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front\/Sierra Leone<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Journal of Modern African Studies<\/em>\u201d, Vol. 36\/2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998, pages 203-235, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/161403?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43658004?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-modern-african-studies\/article\/abs\/bush-path-to-destruction-the-origin-and-character-of-the-revolutionary-united-frontsierra-leone\/724532B5CD66697F9E46E8307066C2B3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> Steven Brayton, \u201cOutsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cJournal of International Affairs\u201d, Vol. 5\/2, Columbia University Press, Hanover (Pennsylvania) 1999, pages 303-329, see also in https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24358173?seq=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/africa\/2012\/01\/sierra-leone-strasser-war<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?abstract&did=484689<\/a> ; https:\/\/press.armywarcollege.edu\/parameters\/vol29\/iss2\/1\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.superyachtfan.com\/yacht\/ngoni\/owner\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/moneyweek.com\/30983\/profile-of-tony-buckingham-of-heritage-oil-46336<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/bs\/37177B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.northernminer.com\/news\/diamondworks-morphs-into-energem\/1000156363\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=vJ3ivXIW_dsC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Tony+Buckingham&source=bl&ots=fecoeqfYHv&sig=ACfU3U34MVquATugL41F4M-WeWwAfqThNg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu97u7oJzvAhVD3KQKHR-5DoM4KBDoATACegQICxAD#v=onepage&q=Tony%20Buckingham&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/miningwatch.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/appendix_2.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7 ; https:\/\/www.diamonds.net\/News\/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=3580&ArticleTitle=DiamondWorks+Ltd.%2C+Unveils+Reorganization+Plan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Tim Spicer, \u201cAn Unorthodox Soldier<\/em>\u201c, Mainstream Publishing, London 1999, pages 121-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2004\/06\/22\/security_firms_293m_deal_under_scrutiny\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120519034226\/http:\/\/www.aegisworld.com\/index.php\/tim-spicer<\/a> ; www.aegis.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> 1997.02.24 Sandline International in Papua New Guinea; http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/24\/157.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> 1997.03.01 Tim Spicer arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/16458861\/sandline-scandal-causes-tremors-in-tony-blairs-cool-britannia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Craig Murray, \u201cThe Catholic Orangemen of Togo and other Conflicts I Have Known<\/em>\u201d, Atholl Publishing, London2009,page 220; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050108080600\/http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/docprint.mhtml?i=20050110&s=ackerman<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3501632.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, Ralph Hazleton, \u201cThe Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security<\/em>\u201d, PAC Partnership Africa Canada, Ottawa 2000, see also in https:\/\/transparencylab.org\/Documentation\/Advocacy,%20Monitoring,%20Sustainable%20-%20Responsible%20Initiatives\/IMPACT_\/The%20Heart%20of%20the%20Matter%20Sierra%20Leone,%20Diamonds%20and%20Human%20Security_2000.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/sir-trading-s-a--M1993001951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/34121616<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> 2001.09.07 DiamondWorks Ltd acquires Otterbea International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/vprr\/0205\/02052003.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Global-News\/2009\/1022\/who-is-viktor-bout<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309180727\/http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB1031F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=%22Peter+Landesman%22+bout&st=nyt<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723020721\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/February10\/boutviktoretals1indictmentpr.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120413063146\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/April12\/boutviktorsentencingpr.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130823111228\/http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao\/nys\/pressreleases\/November11\/boutverdictstatement.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/angola-south-africa-business-links-unita<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2000\/feb\/18\/internationalcrime<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.minesandcommunities.org\/article.php?a=667<\/a> ; Alex Vines, \u201cAngola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process<\/em>\u201d, Human Rights Watch, New York 1999, pages 67-69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/legal.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/about_us.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.sttepi.com\/default.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gi\/96579<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/sofrep.com\/news\/eeben-barlow-south-african-pmc-devestates-boko-haram-pt1\/<\/a> ; 2018.11.28 Buhari blamed for Boko Haram killings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autosport.com\/general\/news\/ambitious-a1-grand-prix-winter-series-project-5018177\/5018177\/?nrt=111<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crash.net\/a1gp\/news\/187\/1\/lola-agrees-deal-for-winter-gp-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ide.go.jp\/English\/Data\/Africa_file\/Company\/uganda01.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Icu_somalia_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> http:\/\/www.lessonsfrompiracy.net\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/eunavfor.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130402205646\/http:\/\/www.globalgovernance.eu\/index.php\/p-s-publications\/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5145475\/Quaderni_Asiatici_101_marzo_2013_PIRACY_IN_SOMALIA_A_LONG_TERM_MENACE_OR_A_PHENOMENON_IN_ITS_LAST_THROES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110212105724\/http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/8301-503543_162-4949488-503543.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23340460.2015.960170<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501085654\/http:\/\/www.nibr.no\/uploads\/publications\/26b0226ad4177819779c2805e91c670d.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201905090605.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120112112115\/http:\/\/www.difesa.it\/SMD\/CASD\/Istituti_militari\/CeMISS\/Pubblicazioni\/News206\/2009-12\/Pagine\/La_pirateria_nel_golfo_di_Aden_11754.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/somali-president-hails-uae-presidents-humanitarian-efforts-1.864794<\/a>  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913213239\/http:\/\/www.maritimesecurity.eu\/fileadmin\/content\/news_events\/workingpaper\/PiraT_Arbeitspapier_Nr6_2011_Maouche.pdf<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a> ; Eli Lake, \u201cPrivate firm trains Somalis to scuttle pirates; Muslim nation financing effort<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Washington Times<\/em>\u201d of the 29th of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 432-434; Michael A. Weinstein, \u201cPuntland's Break With the TFG and the International Crisis Group's Draft Report<\/em>\u201d, in \u201c Garowe Online<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 442-445; Jeffrey Gettleman, Erik Mazzetti, Erik Schmitt, \u201cU.S. Relies on Contractors in Somalia Conflict<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 575-579; Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali region defies federal government over Saracen deal<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d from the 28th of January 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 23-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.enoc.com\/annualreview2017\/group-legal-entities.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fkUJTz14tt8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> \u201cUncertain future for soldiers of fortune in volatile East Africa<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cMail & Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 7th of June 2013, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 198-202; \u201cMuslim nation' funds private Somali militia: Same country pays ex-CIA man to advise government UN investigates possible violation of arms embargo<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Guardian<\/em>\u201d of the 3rd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 374-375; \u201cPrivate firm flouts UN embargo in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of February 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 427-429; Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130821223522\/http:\/\/warlalis.com\/2013\/04\/02\/somalia-uae-and-somalia-foreign-ministers-sign-mou-on-bilateral-cooperation\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130910210217\/http:\/\/m.allafrica.com\/stories\/201308270272.html\/?maneref=https:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/voiceofsomalia.net\/2014\/02\/07\/somalia-saracen-trained-forces-surround-abdiweli-gaas\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201208220474.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150504035658\/http:\/\/library.fundforpeace.org\/fsi14-overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/globalriskinsights.com\/2019\/02\/uae-relations-with-somalia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tensions-rise-somalia-uae-delayed-elections-76028071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> http:\/\/dati.camera.it\/ocd\/aic.rdf\/aic4_10352_16<\/a> ; https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> 2010.12.16 Saracen International<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Pierre-Richard_Prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arentfox.com\/attorneys\/pierre-richard-prosper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/02\/muslim-nation-funds-security-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full_Report_1869.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/jan\/13\/alqaida.usa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/germania_medio-oriente\/inferno-yemen-armi-tedesche-per-larabia-al-qaeda-ed-i-mercenari-americani\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/imprese\/la-philip-morris-va-alla-guerra-con-suprematisti-populisti-e-sceicchi-arabi\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/america-mondo_medio-oriente\/quando-abu-dhabi-sognava-di-manipolare-donald-trump\/<\/a> ; Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cBlackwater founder is linked to South African mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe International Herald Tribune<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd January 2011 \u2013 see also in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 131-133<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/horseedmedia.net\/2014\/03\/28\/somalia-uae-pledges-continued-support-puntland-marine-forces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/mideast-africa\/2018\/04\/17\/uae-stops-training-somalias-military-after-cash-seizure\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120816100759\/http:\/\/www.kenyahighcomtz.org\/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/sep\/28\/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YuCXwH0qspk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/03965484-saracen-international-limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/03965484\/SARACEN-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a> ; 2016.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> 2016.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> 2014.01.01 Securex UK Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/suite.endole.co.uk\/insight\/company\/08361128-sax-media-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.checkfree.co.uk\/Company\/05883551\/AUTONOMOUS-VEHICLES-INTERNATIONAL-LIMITED\/Company-Details\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> 2011.05.25 XTP International Ltd. Stockport; 2010.04.06 Saracen International Ltd. Stockport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/04914770<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/vertical-take-off-kestrel-to-start-tethered-tests-\/54445.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> 2019.07.31 Amber Business Investments Ltd. Manchester<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/craig-shaw\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a> ; \u201cSaracen\u2019s troops in Gulf of Aden<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cIntelligence Online<\/em>\u201d, 16th of December 2010 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 19-20; \u201cQui a affr\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019Antonov bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Hargeisa?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2019 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 161-162; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bill-pelser-5999b634\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201c1000-man militia being trained in North Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAssociated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 56-58; \u201cUAE to reportedly fund secret anti-piracy program in Somalia's Puntland<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 11th of July 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 535-538<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/brz-international.com\/our-team\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> \u201cAfrican skies: sous-traitant des firmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, in  \u201dLa Lettre de l\u2019Ocean indien<\/em>\u201d of the 13th of February 2015 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 217-218<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> David Isenberg, \u201cPMSC not ready for UN prime-time<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cPolitical Machine<\/em>\u201d from the 11th of July 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen Internationl on Nexis, pages 293-296<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Michela Wrong, \u201cSecurity service is booming across Africa: Soldiers, policemen are turning to one of the<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

continent's most vibrant growth industries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe financial Post<\/em>\u201d of the 5th of June 1996, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 460-461<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> \u201cSA landmine man captured<\/em>\u201d in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 455-456<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/icv-africa.com\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/international-collective-ventures--M1997004618<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/officer\/33072511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vospieter\/saracen-profile-2009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/b2bhint.com\/en\/company\/za\/e-talk--K2016066729<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/vymaps.com\/CD\/TOP-S-I-G-Security-3090\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> \u201cPiracy Business is Booming - for pirates, navies and mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cGround Report<\/em>\u201d of the 22nd of December 2010, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 415-416<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/ulii.org\/ug\/judgment\/hc-civil-division-uganda\/2020\/115<\/a> ; https:\/\/cavendish.ac.ug\/governance-administration\/dean\/1<\/a> ; https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PiyW_xsAAAAJ&hl=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alexander-akandwanaho-284b486a\/?originalSubdomain=ug<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/a_m_akandwanaho?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/saracen.co.ug\/about\/alexander-akandwanaho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/ug\/80010004146685<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.matookerepublic.com\/2020\/02\/24\/gen-salim-salehs-son-to-contest-for-nrm-vice-chairperson-seat-for-western-region\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salim_Saleh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/inv\/mne\/illegalexploitationofnaturalresourcesinthedemocraticrepublicofcongopublicstatementbycime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200605300425.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/what_do_six_russians_two\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> Jeffery Gettleman, Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, \u201cUS security company trains troops for Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cYukon News<\/em>\u201d of the 12th of August 2011, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 580-584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/us_va\/05215231<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> \u201cSA citizens under fire in hot spots; Two have been captured and a local TV reporter escaped a gun attack<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of May 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 452-454; \u201cSouth African security officer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cDefence Web<\/em>\u201d of the 30th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 518-519; Abdi Guled, \u201cSouth African security trainer killed in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Associated Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of April 2012, see in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 524-525<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> Katharine Houreld, \u201cSomali regional government defying federal leaders over contract linked to Blackwater founder<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Canadian Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> Stephen Johnson, \u201cLoose cannons<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrica in Fact<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of February 2015 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 359-362; Jeffrey Gettleman, \u201cSomalia is likely to cut to Mercenaries<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe New York Times<\/em>\u201d of the 24th of January 2011 \u2013 see also Saracen International on Nexis, pages 470-471<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wA44zi04pkEC&pg=PT503&lpg=PT503&dq=pierre+richard+prosper+saracen&source=bl&ots=mYEjIJEF1Z&sig=ACfU3U3nT1ikRpYsD-wE9kYHHNVcoLlfSw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjao7-Qsf7uAhVpo4sKHXGCAD4Q6AEwEnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=pierre%20richard%20prosper%20saracen&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/abr.business.gov.au\/AbnHistory\/View?id=42119632094<\/a> ; https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/za\/2006-038324-07<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a> ; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man\u2019s death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012 \u2013 see in Saracen International on Nexis, page 77-77 ; https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061008220657\/http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/publications\/government\/mercenaries-1999.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2012-09-04\/australian-accused-of-funding-private-somali-army\/4242778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/inquinamento_materie-prime\/oro-cianuro-e-sangue-nellinferno-della-barrrick-gold\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/ilpiccolo.gelocal.it\/trieste\/cronaca\/2011\/12\/06\/news\/da-staranzano-a-londra-per-fare-la-guerra-ai-pirati-1.2836069<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> 2014.11.25 Triskel Services Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> 2019.12.30 Triskel International Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.triskelinternational.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maxime-cauci-5974b31a\/?originalSubdomain=uk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/it\/document\/read\/15368781\/analisi-triskelservicescom-settimopianoit<\/a> , page 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[143]<\/a> 2018.11.07 T-Risk Ltd. London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[144]<\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2013-08-04\/mercantili-italiani-arrivano-guardie-184602.shtml?uuid=AbCgsHKI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[145]<\/a> https:\/\/www.snewsonline.com\/notizie\/vigilanza_h24\/in_assiv_la_triskel_ltd_prima_in_italia_autorizzata_alla_vigilanza_antipirateria-1519<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[146]<\/a> https:\/\/survie.org\/billets-d-afrique\/2011\/208-decembre-2011\/article\/djibouti-wikileaks-des-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[147]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gilles-capelle-ab9217145\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[148]<\/a> http:\/\/www.so-global.com\/organisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[149]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imo.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[150]<\/a> Southern Ace Ltd. Hong-Kong ; 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[151]<\/a> https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/sa-businessman-linked-to-somali-militia-drug-trade-20110827-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[152]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[153]<\/a> 2016.04.02 The geek the guns and the trail of bodies; https:\/\/www.vice.com\/it\/article\/ney4az\/dea-accordo-uomo-pericoloso-mondo<\/a> ; https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/06\/12\/paul-le-roux-sentenced-to-25-years-for-sprawling-criminal-outfit\/<\/a> ; 2015.10.11 From Guildford to gold bars to a jail cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[154]<\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/mideast\/2015\/11\/26\/emirates-secretly-pays-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[155]<\/a> Ivor Powell, \u201cSA-linked military firm loses anti-piracy contract; UN fingers Sterling Corporate Services in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cCape Argus\u201d of the 29th of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 457-459; \u201cUnited Nations Expert Group Says Private Military and Security Companies in Somalia Need Regulation<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTargeted News Service<\/em>\u201d of the 18th of December 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 552-553; Ivor Powell, Bianca Capazorio, \u201cUN slams SA private army<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 1st of September 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 557-558; \u201cCommentator says International community party to strife in Somalia<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 26th of July 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 27-30; Ivor Powell, \u201cFocus on controversial piracy mission after SA man's death<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Sunday Independent<\/em>\u201d of the 27th of May 2012, as in Saracen International on Nexis, pages 75-77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[156]<\/a> \u201cDubai logistics company to run Mogadishu airport<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cFrance Press<\/em>\u201d of the 28th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International On Nexis, pages 137-140, pages 322-323; \u201cSomali MPs says foreign firms operating in the country illegally<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cBBC Monitoring Africa<\/em>\u201d of the 30th<\/sup> of December 2010, as in Saracen International on Nexis, page 508<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[157]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SSqAAZw-Ujk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GWjzqR41AM0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/world\/middleeast\/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/insidearabia.com\/uae-lures-foreign-mercenaries-to-fight-proxy-wars\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20200919-rights-groups-uae-hired-450-mercenaries-to-carry-out-assassinations-in-yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/uae-based-black-shield-recruits-mercenaries-in-region\/1914366<\/a> ; https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2020\/03\/16\/how-uae-mercenaries-serve-its-foreign-policy-ambitions\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/opinion\/the-uae-s-alarming-reliance-on-mercenaries-40028<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Soldiers of Fortune and Emirates: the global danger of the private death\u2019s industry","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soldiers-of-fortune-and-emirates-the-global-danger-of-the-private-deaths-industry","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4490","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4416,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-11 21:39:19","post_content":"\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3939,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:02:15","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The news came from the German newspapers: in Yemen, despite the bans in force since 1945, German weapons are being used \u2013 mainly against the defenseless population. The attacker is a coalition led by Mohammed Bin Salman (King Prince of Saudi Arabia), made up, among others, of al-Qaeda fighters and mercenaries from the Blackwater Company paid by the US government. Something that was made possible by a new wind in Berlin, which is inextricably linked to a new political position of the German Bundestag and the lobbies that work there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

German weapons have been used in Yemen since the start of the war: there are the Fewas and Clara guns of the DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mounted on American Oshkosh tanks and on French Leclerc tanks, then the warships of the shipyards L\u00fcrssen in Bremen and finally the demining ships of the Frankenthal class[1]<\/a>. These are mainly weapons that were sold to the government of the United Arab Emirates between 2006 and 2009. The country refuses to comply with the embargo imposed by the United Nations on the invasion of Yemen[2]<\/a>. There are also missiles, cannons and ammunition for the Eurofighter and Tornado fighter-bombers, which are used by the Saudi Air Force against the civilian population[3]<\/a>. Some of the rifles and machine guns even ended up in the hands of irregular al Qaeda forces[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process is difficult to explain and justify, especially after the barbaric murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was killed in Istanbul in 2018 on the orders of Mohammed ben Salman[5]<\/a>. The federal government decided by a large parliamentary majority to block supply contracts with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 a block that has lasted six months since then and has been constantly renewed since then[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is certain is that the involvement of the German military industry in Yemen cannot be explained by the multinational defense treaties of the Persian Gulf, where it faces a massive Iranian fleet, built in China, under the leadership of the IRGCN (Islamic Revolutionary Guard), a multinational fleet made up of the countries of the EMASOH agreement (arms and soldiers of the European Union, French command), those of the IMSC agreement (USA, Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, United Kingdom and Australia) and those of the CTF-152 Agreement (United States, Italy and Gulf States)[7]<\/a>: Germany cannot participate in these military alliances on the basis of international agreements signed between the FRG and the GDR at the time of reunification \u2013 it is officially forbidden to do so[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when these weapons are used by armies in other countries, it is evident that the Berlin government has approved their sale. Even the German Institute for International Politics and Security[9]<\/a> considers this unbearable \u2013 the institute which, on behalf of the government, states that Germany should take a neutral stance in the Persian Gulf and actively participate in the search for a peaceful compromise between the warring parties[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the West German government approved the so-called \"Project Monitor<\/em>\" in 1979, which allowed the delivery of German spy technology to Saudi Arabia[11]<\/a>, Bonn looked into this a few years later and blocked the export of arms, technologies and trainers to all countries of the Persian Gulf[12]<\/a>. Of course, that didn't stop the guns from being sold in secret: Chancellor Helmut Kohl owes the overthrow of his government and the end of his political parable to a scandal over the bribes his party collected (1 million marks, 561,000 dollars). The money came from the secret sale of German tanks to the government in Riyadh, camouflaged thanks to the mediation of businessman Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Angela Merkel's years as chancellor, supplies to Saudi Arabia and its allies resumed, only to be blocked again[14]<\/a> after the wave of outrage sparked by the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. This political decision was again bypassed by resorting to mediators \u2013 despite the backlash from most factions of the German party and humanitarian associations[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtiest war of the last hundred years<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The map of the civil war in Yemen<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On the night of March 25, 2015, Saudi tanks and fighter bombers attacked the regular troops of the Houthi army, which in 2012 overthrew the pro-Saudi regime that had ruled Yemen since 1978: in a few hours one of the most fertile countries in the Middle East has been turned into a hell of mud and rubble[18]<\/a>. What Amnesty International calls \"the worst man-made humanitarian disaster<\/em>\" begins: in addition to thousands of dead, almost all civilians, 24 million displaced people flee bombed homes as their fields are destroyed, herds killed and all the signs have been annihilated by civilization. The country is returning to the Stone Age and the population has been locked in concentration camps where only international NGOs provide water, food and medicine \u2013 the latter still in insufficient quantities due to Covid-19 and the explosion of a cholera epidemic[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saudi Arabia wants the government and the Houthis to be wiped out because they are friends with the Iranian Ayatollahs and the Lebanese Hezbollah[20]<\/a>. For this reason, international NGOs, particularly Human Rights Watch, are calling for an absolute embargo on arms sales to Saudi Arabia because diplomacy does not get results[21]<\/a>. In addition to the Saudis, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous coalition whose countries traditionally belong to the Riyadh monarchy (such as the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kuwait and Bahrain), but also the Europeans (France, United Kingdom) and especially the United States (which sends Erik Prince's Blackwater mercenaries into battle[22]<\/a>) and Al Qaeda[23]<\/a> \u2013 all together, side by side, against the defenseless Yemeni people[24]<\/a>. From a military point of view, the situation has stalled for five years, despite the massive use of the army and weapons \u2013 the only ones paying an unacceptable price are the citizens of Yemen, who are the subject of 'a real \"ethnic cleansing<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German Secret Service (BND), which is certainly not part of militant pacifism, urges the government not to deal with the new head of the Al-Sa'ud family, seen as a psychologically unstable man and basically a belligerent autocrat[25]<\/a>. The result is a crisis that causes Berlin and Riyadh to disrupt diplomatic relations and divide the German governing coalition because one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Sigmar Gabriel, personally countered Angela Merkel for her political decision and the one that followed the attacks: there was a risk of damage for the German industry[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Angela Merkel announced that she would stop selling weapons, Prince Mohammed Bin Salman reacted angrily: in May 2018, he terminated all contracts with German companies and issued a decree which now bans the industry Germany to participate in tenders in Saudi Arabia. Almost 7 billion euros are at stake each year, as well as the sales of industrial giants such as Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer and Deutsche Bank to take a stake in ARAMCO, the Saudi oil company[27]<\/a>. In September 2018, after a phone call between Merkel and Prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas flew to New York and met Saudi officials at the United Nations \u2013 and began negotiations on a compromise that would fail. not lose face to the Chancellor[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE is also involved in the negotiations, in part because the man in charge of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, has been in friendly relations since 2014 (when he was already commander-in-chief of the armed forces but was not yet regent) to the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and to the then Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 the man who has been President of the German Republic since March 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2017 and 2020, during negotiations with Riyadh, Merkel also met three times with Al-Nahyan to officially regulate the visa system for tourists, but in reality to resolve the crisis caused by the fact that the German ambassador in Dubai Haya Bint Al-Hussein helped (sister of the King of Jordan and wife of Prime Minister Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) who escaped repeated violence against her and her two children in Germany and later in Britain[31]<\/a> \u2013 and during their meeting, they also discussed economic and military issues[32]<\/a> and Abu Dhabi's role in the Libyan civil war[33]<\/a>. All this despite the fact that parliamentary groups in the Bundestag have repeatedly protested and claimed that Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan was the main culprit in the genocide in Yemen[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, Ambassador Peter Fischer, President of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering and Chancellor Angela Merkel have agreed to become members of the ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a> Speakers Council, the think tank founded by Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. The ECSSR is used to build a network of political, industrial and military alliances in the rest of the world[36]<\/a>, which has been used by Tawazun Holding (Al-Nahyan's military company[37]<\/a>) to pay $ 20 million in bribes (disguised as a contribution to an environmental project), to be able to buy American weapons while bypassing the international embargo[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The contradictions of international lobbying<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Dubai Monarch Hotel, where the Germany-Iran working group meets \u2013 away from prying eyes and under the supervision of Daniela Calligaro, coordinator of the Germany-UAE Chamber of Commerce<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, everyone in lobbying and international diplomacy is opaque and contradictory as it aims to protect national interests in a situation of peaceful negotiation. An example: between 2007 and 2008, German exports to Iran increased by 40% to more than 11 billion dollars. Amid international sanctions that ban doing business with Ayatollahs, German government dissolves the German-Iranian task force and moves it to where no one will ever look for it \u2013 to Dubai, one of Iran's most bitter adversaries: Daniela Calligaro, the coordinator of the Germany-Emirates Chamber of Commerce, which in the Emirates has reorganized the Germany-Iran working group in the halls of the Dubai Monarch hotel, despite Chancellor Merkel publicly reiterating that the Germany supports the sanctions and that even trade with Tehran would not continue through hidden triangulations[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the end of the Cold War (and since the signing of the peace treaty between united Germany and its allies during World War II[41]<\/a>), every state visit by Chancellors Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and Angela Merkel has had representatives of the military industry in Bonn (and later Berlin) who negotiated arms deliveries during political and diplomatic negotiations[42]<\/a>. Some of these contracts are part of calls for tenders in the United States, in which German companies participate with American companies, including negotiations in Germany, according to the Sunlight Foundation (an NGO close to the Democratic Party that analyzes and publishes data federal officials on economic exchanges[43]<\/a>), 13 million euros per year[44]<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which for half a century has selected the future leaders of the CDU (left)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, and Michael Hennrich, chairman of the Bundestag parliamentary group for Arabic-speaking countries (right)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Like other European parliaments, the Bundestag also has special interest groups which deal with bilateral relations between Berlin and various countries of the world. One of the oldest of these groups is that of the Arabic-speaking countries of the Near and Middle East[46]<\/a>, composed of parliamentarians from all parties of the constitutional ark and led by Christian Democrat MP Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) since September 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his role as chairman of the group, Hennrich spoke in 2015 for the suspension (and not for the cancellation) of supply contracts to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, then three years later, he had a voice in the Bundestag on resuming supplies[49]<\/a>. In 2017, Hennrich expressed his opinion at a conference in his constituency: there is no war without weapons, but also no peace, because without deterrence linked to the military balance, it is difficult to avoid conflicts[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich is a lawyer in the Bundestag, specialized on health\u2019s questions, who was not chosen by chance as chairman of the Arab group: in 2011, Hennrich followed then German President Christian Wulff on a trip to Abu Dhabi and Muscat, during which he followed Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan and the heads of the armed forces of the Emirates[51]<\/a> and the Sultanate of Oman[52]<\/a>. Two years later, Hennrich was part of an economic commission at an international conference in Beirut - along with (among others) an executive from the Belgian military industry Herstal (whose name has been kept secret), the former Dutch Deputy Secretary of State for Defense, Jos Van Gennip, and former UAE Minister of Finance, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conference was sponsored by General Michel Sleiman, President of Lebanon, and organized by the local government with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation under the leadership of Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. This foundation is one of the richest and most powerful lobbies in Germany and has always been actively interested in the military strategy of NATO countries and the integration of German industry in this area[55]<\/a>. Since January 12, 2009 (or since the day the Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Foundation awarded the Konrad-Adenauer Medal of Honor), this organization has been one of the symbols of the UAE's political and military lobbying work in Germany[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since its inception, it has been impossible in Germany to lead the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) without the approval and support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation[57]<\/a>, which has always played a controversial role in German foreign policy - as has been the case during the years when the foundation funded the birth of the Inkatha party in South Africa to have strong opposition to the ANC of Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. This makes it easier to understand why Chancellor Merkel is vaguely committed for or against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Ms Merkel is a politician who has been openly supported and promoted by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and since then. appeared on the stage of federal politics immediately after reunification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/strong><\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Yemen\u2019s Hell: German weapons for Arabia, for Al-Qaida and for American mercenaries","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"yemens-hell-german-weapons-for-arabia-for-al-qaida-and-for-american-mercenaries","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3939","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":8},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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War and Peace

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